Dr. Madeleine L. Vickers is a post-doc at Umeå University on a Kempe foundation scholarship, working with Dr Morgan Jones on the project HotSeas. Madeleine’s research interests lie in understanding short-term climate change during past high-CO2 times in Earth’s history. HotSeas investigates the Nordic Seas region during the early Paleogene greenhouse, with a focus on resolving why some of the temperature proxies indicate cold waters at the seafloor when the sea surface was warm, and what this means in terms of how the climate varied from season to season, how stratified or stagnant these restricted seas became, and what may have caused periodic cooling in a climate that supported sub-tropical flora and fauna in sub-Polar ecosystems.