NEWS Microalgae have a high potential for biodiesel production and in parallel benefit domestic sewage treatment. Jean Claude Nzayisenga has validated a method to rapidly analyse the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of microalgae. He also tested different growth conditions that improve quality of algal biodiesel and in parallel treat sewage. He successfully defended his PhD thesis at Umeå University on Monday, 15th of June.
Jean Claude Nzayisenga, Department of plant physiology, and his supervisor Anita Sellstedt.
ImageAnne HonselMicroalgae are photosynthetic, fast growing single cell organisms that live mostly in water and produce high amounts of proteins, fatty acids and carbohydrates. To measure the amount of these compounds produced during the growth of microalgae, Jean Claude Nzayisenga coupled the optical method Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with the complex mathematical modelling method Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS).
He demonstrated that the combination of the two methods is useful to monitor changes in fatty acid, carbohydrates and protein contents.
“FTIR spectroscopy was already shown to allow measuring fatty acid and carbohydrate contents of microalgae but used alone, it relied on the assumption that the protein content remains constant during cultivation, which may not always be true. I compared the results with the ones gained by using other standard techniques and showed that FTIR is a useful method for monitoring changes of the biochemical composition in microalgae. As FTIR is a relatively fast method, it could be even applied on a daily basis to monitor a microalgae cultivation system”, says Jean Claude Nzayisenga.
Jean Claude Nzayisenga worked with microalgae species that were isolated in Northern Sweden and adjusted to the long winters with low temperatures and only a few hours of light. Some of these microalgae are able to grow even without light as long as an alternative carbon-source is given. Jean Claude Nzayisenga grew microalgae either with light and carbon dioxide to allow doing them photosynthesis; with light and glucose or glycerol as carbon source so that they were still able to make photosynthesis but not completely rely on it; or without light but with glucose or glycerol, so that they were fully depended on the external carbon source.
“When I grew microalgae without light but with glycerol as carbon source, I could see that the microalgae are able to produce high amounts of fatty acids and that the composition of these fatty acids looks promising for biodiesel production”, says Jean Claude Nzayisenga.
“We chose glycerol because it is a cheaper carbon source than glucose and it is a by-product of biodiesel production offering a more sustainable and cost-effective production circuit. In the future, it would be interesting to test also other carbon sources that are produced as industrial by-products or come from food waste.”
In another experiment, Jean Claude Nzayisenga tested the effect of different light intensities on the production of fatty acids. Under high light intensity, the microalgae produced more fatty acids than under low light intensities, and also here the composition of fatty acids looked promising for biodiesel production. Jean Claude Nzayisenga took a closer look and analysed which biochemical changes were associated with the accumulation of fatty acids. When growing without light and with glycerol, fatty acids accumulated on the expense of carbohydrates, while under high light conditions the content of proteins decreased instead.
In most of his experiments, Jean Claude Nzayisenga used not just one microalgae strain but compared different strains and evaluated which strain has the best properties for biodiesel production under the respective growth conditions. He also analysed the capability of the microalgae strains to take up nutrients from municipal wastewater to see if they could benefit sewage treatment. All tested microalgae strains were able to take up most of the nitrogen and phosphor – the main contaminants –from the wastewater.
“My results show that there is a possibility to use microalgae for the wastewater treatment and in parallel produce raw material for biodiesel production”.
Press photo. Credit: Anne Honsel
On Monday 15 June, Jean Claude Nzayisenga, Department of Plant Physiology at Umeå University, defended his thesis entitled: Autotrophic and heterotrophic culture of Nordic microalgae in wastewater for lipid production.
Faculty opponent was Professor Ashton Keith Cowan from the Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University, South Africa. Jean Claude Nzayisenga 's supervisor was professor Anita Sellstedt. The dissertation was broadcasted live via Zoom.